CHARACTER EDUCATION FOR MENTAL RESILIENCE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON CHILDREN'S WELL-BEING IN THE AI ERA
Abstract
This study analyzes the relationship between character education and children's mental resilience in the era of artificial intelligence, focusing on protective factors and developing an integrative conceptual model. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach with the PRISMA protocol, 144 articles from Scopus-indexed journals published between 2020 and 2025 were screened, and 15 relevant studies met the inclusion criteria. The study results indicate that character education plays a strategic role in strengthening children's resilience through the values of self-regulation, empathy, responsibility, solidarity, and the search for meaning in life. Identified protective factors include positive parent-child bonds, peer support, family resilience, and community involvement, while risk factors include device dependence, family conflict, poverty, and parental stress. The proposed conceptual model emphasizes a holistic, differentiated, and multilevel approach with simultaneous involvement of schools, families, and communities. The findings of the majority of studies confirm that character education not only shapes morality but also functions as an ecosystem strategy to strengthen children's mental resilience in facing digital and social challenges in the era of artificial intelligence. This study recommends the development of a multidimensional resilience theoretical framework, its integration into the curriculum
Downloads
References
Apps, J., Webb, S., & Hutton, E. (2024). Parents’ and carers’ attitudes to the use of digital technology and its role in the care of children with complex needs. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 87(7). https://doi.org/10.1177/03080226241233112
Brown, C., & Dixon, J. (2020). ‘Push on through’: Children’s perspectives on the narratives of resilience in schools identified for intensive mental health promotion. British Educational Research Journal, 46(2), 379–398. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3583
Browne, D. T., Smith, J. A., & Basabose, J. D. D. (2021). Refugee Children and Families During the COVID-19 Crisis: A Resilience Framework for Mental Health. Journal of Refugee Studies, 34(1), 1138–1149. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feaa113
Cui, M., & Hong, P. (2021). COVID‐19 and Mental Health of Young Adult Children in China: Economic Impact, Family Dynamics, and Resilience. Family Relations, 70(5), 1358–1368. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12573
Duan, W., Fei, Y., & Tang, X. (2020). Latent Profiles and Grouping Effects of Resilience on Mental Health among Poor Children and Adolescents. Child Indicators Research, 13(2), 635–655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-019-09637-3
García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2022). Developing robust state-of-the-art reports: Systematic Literature Reviews. In Education in the Knowledge Society (Vol. 23). https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.28600
Ghanouni, P., & Eves, L. (2023). Resilience among Parents and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Mental Illness, 2023(C), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2925530
Hiebl, M. R. W. (2023). Sample Selection in Systematic Literature Reviews of Management Research. In Organizational Research Methods (Vol. 26, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428120986851
Lee, A. Y., & Hancock, J. T. (2023). Developing digital resilience: An educational intervention improves elementary students’ response to digital challenges. Computers and Education Open, 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2023.100144
Liebenberg, L. (2020). Reconsidering interactive resilience processes in mental health: Implications for child and youth services. Journal of Community Psychology, 48(5), 1365–1380. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22331
Lim, E. M. (2023). The effects of pre-service early childhood teachers’ digital literacy and self-efficacy on their perception of AI education for young children. Education and Information Technologies, 28(10). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11724-6
Lin, K., M, K. A. H., Thapa, S., Allan, J., Buys, N., & Sun, J. (2025). Relationship of parental caregiving and child labour with developmental problems and mental health in children in low-to-middle-income countries using the socioecological resilience model. BMC Public Health, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23527-0
Löchner, J., Ulrich, S. M., & Lux, U. (2024). The impact of parents’ stress on parents’ and young childrens’ mental health—Short- and long-term effects of risk and resilience factors in families with children aged 0–3 in a representative sample. Stress and Health, 40(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3400
Matos, J. F., Piedade, J., Freitas, A., Pedro, N., Dorotea, N., Pedro, A., & Galego, C. (2023). Teaching and Learning Research Methodologies in Education: A Systematic Literature Review. Education Sciences, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020173
Paul, J., & Criado, A. R. (2020). The art of writing literature review: What do we know and what do we need to know? International Business Review, 29(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101717
Peng, X., Nie, R., & Tong, S. (2025). Correction to: Research on the selfefficacy and resilience of female graduate students in the era of artificial intelligence: analysis of the mechanism of mobile phone dependence, anxiety and mentoring relationship. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 28(4), 963–963. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-025-01556-3
Ravens-Sieberer, U., Kaman, A., Erhart, M., Devine, J., Schlack, R., & Otto, C. (2022). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life and mental health in children and adolescents in Germany. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(6), 879–889. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01726-5
Twilhaar, E. S., & Wolke, D. (2025). Fostering positive mental health outcomes in vulnerable children: Pathways to resilience after preterm birth. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70002
Uddin, H., & Hasan, M. K. (2023). Family resilience and neighborhood factors affect the association between digital media use and mental health among children: does sleep mediate the association? European Journal of Pediatrics, 182(6), 2521–2534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-023-04898-1
Yang, W. (2022). Artificial Intelligence education for young children: Why, what, and how in curriculum design and implementation. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100061
Yuan, X., Mao, Y., Xu, X., Peng, R., Tang, M., Dai, G., Tang, X., Fu, H., Zhong, X., Zhang, G., & Wang, B. (2025). The relationship between resilience and mental health: mobile phone dependence and its differences across levels of parent-child conflict among left-behind adolescents: a cross-sectional network analysis. BMC Public Health, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22105-8
Zellma, A., Buchta, R., & Cichosz, W. (2022). The (non)transgressive character of religious education for children and young people in Polish schools. British Journal of Religious Education, 44(3), 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2021.1887082
| Keywords | : |
Keywords:
Character education, Mental resilience, Artificial intelligence
|
| Galleys | : | |
| Published | : |
2025-12-04
|
| How to Cite | : |
Fatrizal, & Evi Fussalam, Y. (2025). CHARACTER EDUCATION FOR MENTAL RESILIENCE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON CHILDREN’S WELL-BEING IN THE AI ERA. Jurnal Muara Pendidikan, 10(2), 540–549. https://doi.org/10.52060/mp.v10i2.3773
|
| Issue | : |

.png)



.png)

.png)
.png)
.png)


_SCCC.png)

