SMART NETWORK REFERENCE DICTIONARY DEVELOPMENT USING WATERFALL FRAMEWORK MODEL TO IMPROVE LEARNING OUTCOMES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52060/mq9kck77Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop a Smart Network Reference Dictionary using the Waterfall Framework Model to improve student learning outcomes. Information technology plays an essential role in enhancing student competence and expertise, especially in the Industrial Era 4.0, which demands skills aligned with the needs of industry and the business sector. Computer Networking is one of the subjects that requires strong mastery. Based on observations and interviews with lecturers at STMIK Methodist, out of 28 students, only seven passed with excellent categories, 11 with good categories, and ten did not pass, indicating the need for more effective learning support tools. This study developed the Smart Network Reference Dictionary using the SDLC approach with the Waterfall model and conducted validation through Black Box Testing and Alpha Testing, with Likert-scale analysis used to classify the results. The developed application achieved the Very Appropriate category, with assessment scores of 85.3%, 82.8%, and 86.0%, all of which fall under the Very Eligible classification. Furthermore, the learning outcomes of the experimental class improved significantly, as shown by the higher average pretest–posttest score range compared with the control class. Thus, the development of the Smart Network Reference Dictionary using the Waterfall Framework Model not only produces a high-quality application but also effectively enhances student learning outcomes in the Computer Networking course at STMIK Methodist.
References
Agha, R. A., Mathew, G., Rashid, R., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Sohrabi, C., Franchi, T., Nicola, M., Agha, M., & Thoma, A. (2025). Revised Strengthening the reporting of cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies in surgery (STROCSS) Guideline: An update for the age of Artificial Intelligence. Premier Journal of Science.
Alghazzawi, D. M., Hasan, S. H., Aldabbagh, G., Alhaddad, M., Malibari, A., Asghar, M. Z., & Aljuaid, H. (2021). Development of platform independent mobile learning tool in Saudi universities. Sustainability, 13(10), 5691. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105691
Alshuaybat, W. A. M. (2025). The Reality of Using Information and Communication Technology (Ict) and its Relationship to Academic Achievement and the Development of Creative Thinking Among Secondary School Student. Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review, 5(2), e02652–e02652. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730X.SDGsReview.v5.n02.pe02652
Ambiyar, A., Verawardina, U., Lubis, A. L., Ramadhani, D., Wakhinuddin, W., & Asnur, L. (2021). Application of Adaptive Media and Enganging E-learning for Students in E-learning Courses. JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia), 10(2). https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v10i2.24376
Azeez, A. L., Akerele, O. E., Adeniyi, A., & Ibrahim, R. (2025). Media convergence on androids and journalistic practice: A study of the use of channels television mobile application among professionals in Lagos. Sustainable Futures, 10, 100816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100816
Bin-Hady, W. R. A., Al-Kadi, A., Hazaea, A., & Ali, J. K. M. (2025). Exploring the dimensions of ChatGPT in English language learning: A global perspective. Library Hi Tech, 43(4–5), 1315–1328. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-05-2023-0200
Chasokela, D., & Mangena, N. (2025). The Future of Learning in the Digital Age. In Insights into International Higher Education Leadership and the Skills Gap (pp. 471–500). IGI Global.
Criollo-C, S., Guerrero-Arias, A., Guaña-Moya, J., Samala, A. D., & Luján-Mora, S. (2024). Towards sustainable education with the use of mobile augmented reality in early childhood and primary education: A systematic mapping. Sustainability, 16(3), 1192. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16031192
de Sales, J. J. C., & Oliveira, S. R. B. (2025). Educational Games for Mobile Applications: A Systematic Literature Mapping. Journal on Interactive Systems, 16(1), 544–588.
Dewi, T. A., Sumarti, S. S., Ellianawati, E., Subali, B., & Avrilianda, D. (2025). Literature review: the efficacy of mobile learning media in enhancing critical thinking skills among elementary school students. Jurnal EDUCATIO: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 11(1), 135–143.
Elvira, G., Sergeeva, O. V, Zheltukhina, M., Sokolova, N. L., Zakharova, V., & Drobysheva, N. N. (2025). Mobile Learning in Science Education to Improve Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and Communication Skills: Scoping Review. Frontiers in Communication, 10, 1624012. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2025.1624012
Giannakos, M., Azevedo, R., Brusilovsky, P., Cukurova, M., Dimitriadis, Y., Hernandez-Leo, D., Järvelä, S., Mavrikis, M., & Rienties, B. (2025). The promise and challenges of generative AI in education. Behaviour & Information Technology, 44(11), 2518–2544. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2024.2394886
Guo, L., Pressman, G. S., Kieu, S. N., Marrus, S. B., Mathew, G., Prince, J., Lastowski, E., McDonough, R. V, Currie, C., & Tiwari, U. (2025). Automated detection of reduced ejection fraction using an ECG-enabled digital stethoscope: a large cohort validation. JACC: Advances, 4(3), 101619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.101619
Hadiarto, A., Firdaus, M., Harianto, H., & Novianti, T. (2025). Impact of mobile and smartphone usage levels and multivariate factors on household income in vegetable farming: evidence from Indonesia. Information, Communication & Society, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2024.2443579
Haruna, M. J., George, G., Abba, A., & Abubakar, U. B. (2025). USING ANDROID PLATFORM FEATURES TO IMPROVE THE USE OF MOBILE DEVICES IN ASSISTED LEARNING FOR CHILDREN BELOW THE AGES OF TEN. Zaria Journal of Educational Studies (ZAJES), 25(2), 71–83.
IJOKO, G. A. (2025). Effects of Flipped-Classroom Strategy on Performance in English Language Concept among Secondary School Students. Federal University Gusau Faculty of Education Journal, 5(4), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.64348/zije.202587
Jaradat, Z., AL-Hawamleh, A. M., & Altarawneh, M. (2025). Investigating the impact of technological orientation and innovation orientation on the sustainability and development the industrial sector. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 35(2), 409–433. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-11-2023-0303
Li, L. (2024). Reskilling and upskilling the future-ready workforce for industry 4.0 and beyond. Information Systems Frontiers, 26(5), 1697–1712.
Lindner, K.-T., & Schwab, S. (2025). Differentiation and individualisation in inclusive education: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 29(12), 2199–2219.
Mauri Medrano, M., Lafarga Ostariz, P., Del Barrio Aranda, L., & Soler Costa, R. (2023). Mobile learning and communication: educational change?; a systematic review. Education+ Training, 65(2), 193–209.
Moroki, I. (2025). Design and Use of Android-Based Games to Improve Basic Math Skills and the Effect of Basic Math Skills and Learning Motivation on the Student’s Learning Outcomes. The 3rd International Conference on Christian and Inter-Religious Studies (ICC-IRS 2024), 612–631.
Nuryana, I. K. D., Indriyanti, A. D., & Rofa, M. (2024). Application of the Binary Search Method to the Arabic-Indonesian Translator Application. 5th Vocational Education International Conference (VEIC-5 2023), 10–18.
Pessot, E., Zangiacomi, A., & Sacco, M. (2025). Exploring SMEs innovation paths with augmented and virtual reality technologies. European Journal of Innovation Management, 28(3), 1181–1201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10318-w
Purba, R. A., Sembiring, J., Sihombing, E. H., & Sondang, S. (2019). Edge image detection combines Laplace operation with convolution technique to produce drawing materials for children. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1402(6). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1402/6/066097
Purba, Ramen Antonov. (2021a). Application design to help predict market demand using the waterfall method. Matrix: Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi Dan Informatika, 11(3), 140–149. https://doi.org/10.31940/matrix.v11i3.140-149
Purba, Ramen Antonov. (2021b). The Effectiveness Combination of Blended Learning and Flipped Classroom with Edmodo as a Digital Media Innovation for Learning From Home. Journal of Education Technology, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v5i3.36210
Purba, Ramen Antonov. (2022). Hybrid Models with Technology: Is it Effective for Learning in Abnormal Situations? Journal of Education Research and Evaluation, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.23887/jere.v6i1.41546
Purba, Ramen Antonov, Munthe, R. G., & Ginting, K. (2022). Learning Model with LMS as an Innovation to Facilitate the Implementation of Learning from Home. JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia), 11(2), 293–301. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpiundiksha.v11i2.38811
Purba, Ramen Antonov, & Sembiring, J. (2016). Selection of scholarship recipients by using Promethee method in Polytechnic Unggul LP3M Medan. 2016 International Seminar on Application for Technology of Information and Communication (ISemantic), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMANTIC.2016.7873815
Purba, Ramen Antonov, Simarmata, J., Limbong, T., & Damanik, R. (2024). Mixed Learning Models and IoT Devices: Effectively Increasing Competence and Training Independent Learning Students in Unnormal Situations. JOIV: International Journal on Informatics Visualization, 8(4), 2502–2510. https://dx.doi.org/10.62527/joiv.8.4.2553
Purba, Ramen Antonov, & Sondang, S. (2022). Design and Build Monitoring System for Pregnant Mothers and Newborns using the Waterfall Model. INTENSIF: Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian Dan Penerapan Teknologi Sistem Informasi, 6(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.29407/intensif.v6i1.16085
Rathod, H., & Agal, S. (2023). A study and overview on current trends and technology in mobile applications and its development. International Conference on ICT for Sustainable Development, 383–395.
Sakibayeva, B., & Sakibayev, S. (2025). Enhancing professional competence in physics and mathematics education through information technology. Educational Research and Evaluation, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803611.2025.2502813
Sudarma, T. F., Fadilah, M., Tanjung, R., Surahman, D., & Ummi, S. (2025). Developing Android-Based Learning Media for Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills Through Problem-Based Learning. 2025 4th International Conference on Creative Communication and Innovative Technology (ICCIT), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCIT65724.2025.11167817
Tantawi, K., Fidan, I., Huseynov, O., Musa, Y., & Tantawy, A. (2025). Advances in industry 4.0: from intelligentization to the industrial metaverse. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM), 19(3), 1461–1472.
Werner, S., & O’Dowd, R. (2025). “The Learning Process Is Mutual”: Connecting Student Teachers and In-Service Teachers in Intercultural Virtual Exchange. Social Sciences, 14(4), 242. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14040242
Widyanti, A., Pratama, G. B., Anindya, A. H., Sari, F. P., Sumali, A., Salma, S. A., Yamin, P. A. R., & Soetisna, H. R. (2020). Mobile phone use among Indonesian motorcyclists: prevalence and influencing factors. Traffic Injury Prevention, 21(7), 459–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2020.1789121
Wong, C. H. T., & Yunus, M. M. (2021). Board games in improving pupils’ speaking skills: a systematic review. Sustainability, 13(16), 8772. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168772
Xun, J., Chong, W. K., & Dolega, L. (2025). Mobile Operating Systems’ Impact on Customer Value: IOS vs. Android. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 65(4), 401–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2023.2292712
Yuan, R., Ab Jalil, H., & Omar, M. K. (2025). Adopting strategies of mobile technology for assisted learning performance in higher education in China. Computers and Education Open, 8, 100263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2025.100263
| Keywords | : |
Keywords:
Network Dictionary, Reference Subjects, Android Mobile, Waterfall, Learning Outcomes
|
| Galleys | : | |
| Published | : |
2026-04-01
|
| Issue | : |
Copyright (c) 2026 Ramen Antonov Purba, Tori Andika Bukit, Mutiara S Simanjuntak

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.












_SCCC.png)
